Subs and coaches aren’t just on the sidelines—they’re often right in the middle of the action with students. But too often, they slip past the professional development radar. Training season may feel like it’s behind us, but here’s the hard truth: it’s not. Courts have made it clear—whether you’re a full-time teacher, a one-day sub, or a volunteer coach—the law expects you to know the rules and respond just like your regular staff. When training falls short, the risks aren’t invisible at all—they’re waiting to become headlines.
Here’s the short list every administrator should double-check before handing anyone a whistle or a sub badge, no matter how long they’ve been with you:
Students with Disabilities – Substitutes don’t just take attendance and hit “play” on a video anymore. Legally, they are required to implement every aspect of every IEP and 504 plan for every student they encounter while subbing. Even if they’ve only just met the student, the obligation is the same as a full-time teacher’s. Coaches, meanwhile, are often supervising students in unpredictable, less-structured settings—exactly where accommodations matter most. Whether it’s equal access to play, providing behavioral supports, or managing medical needs, both subs and coaches must know their responsibilities and carry them out without exception.
Confidentiality and Privacy – FERPA isn’t just for classroom teachers. Remember those IEPs, 504s, and medical plans? Subs and coaches can only follow them if they’re actually given the information. Sometimes administrators or general education teachers hesitate to share those details, worried about confidentiality. But that flips the problem backwards. The real solution is training: subs and coaches must get the confidential information they need and be trained to keep it private. One careless comment on the sidelines or a misplaced document on a sub’s kitchen table is still a FERPA violation.
Sexual Harassment and Non-Discrimination – Title IX doesn’t stop at the classroom door. Practices, games, and trips all count. Coaches, in particular, are often the first line of defense against harassment and the ones ensuring equal opportunities across the board.
So, what’s the play? Our football predictions may invite debate, but compliance isn’t a pick ’em. Don’t leave your subs and coaches guessing. Make sure they’re trained before they walk into a classroom or onto the field. We’ve created quick, targeted online modules just for them—subs (Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming) and coaches (Nebraska and South Dakota). To sign up or get cost details, email Shari at shari@ksbschoollaw.com.